| UNIX Command | Explanation |
| ls | List filenames in current directory |
| cd name | Change directory |
| rm filename | Delete file with confirmation |
| \rm filename | Delete file without confirmation |
| cp oldname newname | Copy file |
| mv oldname newname | Rename file |
| mkdir name | Make new directory |
| \rm -rf dirname | Remove directory and all its contents without confirmation |
| add | Lists all available applications |
| pwd | Present Working Directory -- this will identify the complete working address, very useful when outside of root directory. For example, add st512_info ==> pwd ==> /afs/eos.ncsu.edu/info/st/st512_info/ This is the address required to transfer files during an FTP session. |
| lpr filename | Print file |
| a2ps filename | Print 2 up |
| lpq | Lists print queue and all job numbers |
| lprm jobnumber | Removes job number from print queue |
| fs listquota | Lists disk quota |
| fs la . | Shows who has what kind of access to files in current directory ('.' refers to current directory) |
| zwrite username | Sends message to username |
| zlocate username | Fingers username |
| head filename | Displays first 10 lines of file |
| tail filename | Displays last 10 lines of file |
| lpr -Pps210 filename.ps | Prints the postscript file from ps210 (Patterson 210). First, type lpq -Pps210 and see if the system recognizes the printer -- use STAT ACCESS program on NT, this is secure and will recognize all local printers. |
| printcap | Lists all available printers on the network. Helpful for using the lpr funciton above. |
| setenv PRINTER ps01hlb2416 | Sets the environment so that the postscript printer from Hillsborough 2416 will be the default. All lpr, a2ps and other print related commands will be directed towards this printer. |
| CTRL z; bg | Suspends a current process and sends it to the background to allow you to use the Xterm window. Use fg for foreground. |
| add imagetools | Locker for image tools. |
| add psutils | Locker for postscript utilities. |
| rlogin poole | Log in to server POOLE. |
| xhost +poole | Allow access to server POOLE, done BEFORE telnet connection to this server. |
| setenv DISPLAY poole.statgen.ncsu.edu:0.0 | After connection to server POOLE, this allows windows to be displayed onto your current machine. |
| dvips -Ppdf yourfile.dvi | Makes postscript file pretty for PDF conversion. |
| add goodies, ps2pdf file.ps | |
| add acrobat, distill <file.ps> file.pdf | Better way to convert ps to pdf. Avoids funny printout. |
| add goodies; cd /ncsu/goodies/bin | List all the stuff in locker GOODIES |
| goodies; www; imagetools; psutils; gnu | LOCKERS |
| alias xl '(add goodies;xlock;)' | Multiple commands possible in alias. |
| Shell Script | See examples in \bin. When a new script is created, you may need to change permissions. Use chmod 755 filename. Log out and go back in for the commands to take effect (just like AUTOEXEC.BAT). |
| echo $PATH | Lists all paths available (just like AUTOEXEC/CONFIG). |
| cd /cdrom; eject | Change directory to CDROM; eject from XTERM window |
| Bad PS/PDF file (uncentered) | Fix by viewing PDF in Acrobat (PC), crop excess white space from all pages, then PRINT with Fit To Page UNCHECKED ==> This will autocenter the document. |
| HTML: <!-- STUFF --> | Commenting style for HTML |
| FILE: html_colors.gif | Color codings for HTML |
| du -k > file.txt | Disk Use (in KB) stored into file.txt |
| Using PICO, CTRL-j | Auto-justification of funky paragraph while using PICO. |
| Placing papers in printer. | Put printed side up (the to-be-printed side is on bottom); oriented right side up. _______
| |
|Abcd |
| |
| |
|_______| |
| Tape Archive/Compress/Zip/Unzip | Complete instructions on how to archive. |
| cd splus; add Splus; add ess; Sx | Adding SPLUS. |
| a2ps text field length | Maximum of 84 characters. |
| PDF File unviewable (like Morse Code) and printout is awkward (Message "Cannot load font ...") | cd \tmp and/or cd \var\tmp Delete any file having "SAS*...". df -k Look for any reference to capacity at or near 100%. Acrobat cannot load fonts successfully to TMP directories that are full. Clearing them will solve the problem of viewing and printing. |
| ls [A-Z]*; ls a*; ls blah.? | Lists all files beginning with an upper-case letter. Lists all files starting with 'a'. Lists all files of the form "blah.x" but nothing else (i.e. will not capture "blah.txt") |
| command > file.out | Sends all output to file.out. |
| command >> file.out | Appends all output to file.out. |
| time command>/dev/null | Calculates time required to complete task. /dev/null is a black hole to consume unwanted output. |
| who | grep stuff | For a sequence of commands, '|' serves to pipeline the process. This command takes the output of 'who' as input where it will search for all occurrences of 'stuff'. |
| awk '{print NR,$0}' file > outfile | Number all lines of file into outfile. |
| awk '{print "%5d %s\n",NR,$0}' file > outfile | Number all lines of file into outfile, each line number has five digits width. |
| awk '{printf "%s %s\n",$1,$5}' infile > outfile | Grab the first and fifth columns of infile and store them in outfile. |
| paste file2 file3 > file4 | Horizontal merge of information in file2 and file3 into file4. Horizontal concatenation. |
| cat file2 file3 > file4 | Vertical merge of information in file2 and file3 into file4. Vertical concatenation. |
| sort -t: +2 -o outfile infile | Sort infile according to the 3rd column, where the file is delimited by ':', output stored in outfile. |
| perl -p -i -e "s/original/substitution/g " *.txt | This will substitute "substitution" everywhere "original" is found in all files in the current directory with a .txt extension. |
| add psutils | Access to Postscript utility locker (for the following 2). |
| psnup -pletter -4 in.ps out.ps | Places pages of postscript file 4UP (indicated by -4). |
| a2ps -c file1 file2 | Places file1 and file2 in sequence for a2ps. |
| FILE: mlab_data.txt | Instructions on reading data into Matlab |
| add imsl401 | Access to IMSL for C and Fortran. |
| chmod -R o+rx * or chmod -R 755 * |
Grant permissions recursively to all files in the current directory and all subdirectories. Remove the -R switch to apply the permissions to the current working directory. |
| time sh -c 'UNIX COMMANDS' |
Computation time is recorded based on the UNIX commands. |
| kreset -l; 1275 |
Allows user to reset tokens when online too long. 1275 minutes reset is the maximum allowed. |
| find /afs/unity.ncsu.edu/users/j/jadoi -name "*.tex" > texlist.txt
|
Stores all files with .TEX extension in root directory and all subdirectories into a newfile called texlist.txt. |
| @color(red)@b(@i(@font(helvetica)@large(MY MESSAGE)))
|
Custom Zwrite. |
